Impact of Climate Change on Food Security in Iraq (A Review Article)

Abstract

Iraq is facing increasing environmental challenges caused by climate change, making it one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to extreme climatic phenomena, such as rising temperatures, decreasing rainfall rates, recurrent droughts, and the expanding desertification. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analytical review of the scientific literature and reliable institutional sources to understand the direct and indirect impacts of climate change on food security in Iraq. The methodology used was a specialized narrative review, based on the analysis of research studies and reports published between 2010 and 2025 in scientific databases such as Scopus and Web of Science and Google Scholar. The review focused on four key areas: agricultural production, livestock and fisheries, supply chains, and food security. The results showed that climate change has led to a sharp decline in crop productivity, deterioration of water resources, increased internal displacement, and social tensions, which have exacerbated the food security crisis. The study also revealed weaknesses in governance policies, poor management of natural resources, and the absence of a participatory vision. The study recommends the adoption of integrated solutions, including the development of climate-smart agriculture, improved water management, building the adaptive capacity of local communities, and strengthening international partnerships to support food security and stability in Iraq amidst the accelerating climate changes."