Evaluating the geographical distribution of educational services in the Al-Manathira district center for the year 2023-2024

Abstract

Educational services are among the most important pillars of sustainable community development, as they represent a tool for developing human capital and achieving spatial justice in the distribution of services. The study examined and analysed the efficiency and reality of the distribution of educational institutions in the Al-Manathera District Centre (kindergartens, primary, intermediate, secondary, and vocational preparatory schools) according to Iraqi planning standards for the period (2023–2024), using spatial analysis techniques and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The results revealed a clear concentration of educational institutions in urban areas, contrasted with their scarcity in rural and informal regions, reflecting an imbalance in spatial justice and affecting service accessibility efficiency. Field analysis also indicated a quantitative shortfall in kindergartens and primary schools — the actual need was (22 kindergartens) while only (4) were available, and (45 primary schools) compared to (29) existing ones. Furthermore, the compliance rates of buildings with planning standards varied in terms of area, number of classes, and teachers. The study concluded that it is necessary to redistribute educational services according to population density standards and to ensure a balance between urban and rural areas to guarantee equal educational opportunities and achieve balanced spatial development.