The Impact of E-Commerce on Fair Competition Legislation: An Analytical Study in Light of Iraqi Law and Comparative Laws

Abstract

This research examines the impact of e-commerce on fair competition legislation through an analytical study in light of Iraqi law and in comparison with international legislation, particularly the laws of the European Union and the United States. E-commerce is one of the most prominent manifestations of digital transformation in the global economy, bringing about new business models and unprecedented legal challenges, especially due to the dominance of major digital entities in markets, leading to monopolistic practices, unlawful exploitation of personal data, and lack of transparency. The research aims to assess the adequacy of the current legislative frameworks in Iraq to keep pace with these digital developments by clarifying the concept and significance of e-commerce and the role of fair competition regulations in ensuring market protection and justice among economic actors. The study further analyzes key challenges to fair competition in digital markets, such as monopolistic behavior, misuse of personal data, and algorithmic manipulation on digital platforms. Using a comparative analytical approach, the research highlights leading international models, especially the European and American frameworks, to explore how they address anti-competitive practices and promote market fairness. The study concludes that Iraqi legislation requires fundamental updates to adapt to the digital economy, strengthen regulatory bodies, and establish clear rules to limit monopolies and regulate data use in a way that safeguards consumer rights and promotes a fair and balanced digital market environment.