The basic elements of human existence according to existentialist philosophers

Abstract

This research is concerned with knowing and explaining the basic elements of human existence among the philosophers of existentialism (Kierkegaard, Jaspers) and atheist existentialism (Heidegger-Sartre). The philosopher Soren Kierkegaard spoke about subjectivity, as there is no truth without subjectivity. He researched the topic of anxiety and classified anxiety with its main axes. He explained that the moment in time plays a role in choosing the matter and saving the soul from intellectual loss. He mentioned several images of despair, but the best type of these images is the third image.

He expressed his existentialism by mentioning the relationship between God and man, and his prominent idea here is that he made faith a model for sincere adherence, which is the highest truth because it requires subjectivity. The philosopher Jaspers, who is one of the philosophers of existentialism, researched existence and his theory of proving self-existence is done through communication. I only prove my existence with others. As for sin, it is generated in a person when he feels remorse, and when a person realizes his freedom in existential choice, he reaches a positive state, but if he becomes lost, he reaches failure. As for the philosophers of atheistic existentialism (Heidegger - Sartre), we mentioned in Heidegger the existent (human) from the aspect of his hermeneutical questioning and existence for him is the open standing in the disclosure of existence. Temporal existentialism (horizontal drawing) is considered a condition for establishing horizontal drawings (of the future and the present). Heidegger mentioned three types of historicity.

Historicism - Dasein, historicism - tools, historicism - world history - while anxiety is considered a condition for the phenomenon of care as a kind of relationship of Dasein with itself and with who it is in its originality.

As for Sartre, he explains that consciousness is the essence of Sartrean thought because it enters into being in itself - nothingness - consciousness in what it is for itself.