The Jihadist Biography and Its Manifestations of the Companion Sulayman ibn Sard al-Khuza'i (d. 65 AH/685 Ad) (A Historical Study)

Abstract

The research begins with an introduction explaining the reason for writing on this topic, the structure of the research, and the most important sources used. It then presents a brief overview of the concept of jihad, citing relevant Quranic verses, noting the frequency of the word "jihad" and whether it appears in a single or multiple forms. Following this, it offers brief insights into the jihad of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), emphasizing that he only engaged in jihad after receiving divine command, and that most of his battles were defensive. The research also explains why Sulayman did not participate in the Prophet's battles, despite being a contemporary, and his participation in jihad alongside the Commander of the Faithful (Imam Ali). Initially, Sulayman seemed hesitant, as evidenced by accounts of his initial involvement, particularly during the Battle of the Camel, where he was subsequently reprimanded by Imam Ali (peace be upon him). His participation became more pronounced at the Battle of Siffin, where he fought valiantly, commanding the infantry and killing one of the Syrian army commanders (Hawshab). He was struck in the face at Siffin for his eagerness to fight. He remained with Imam Hasan (peace be upon him) in... Military

He did not participate in the Battle of Karbala because he was imprisoned. However, Ibn Hibban reported that he did participate but withdrew after the martyrdom of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him). He then led the Tawwabun movement to fight the Syrians (who had killed Imam Hussein and his followers) at Ayn al-Wardah (65 AH). After an unparalleled struggle, Sulayman was martyred along with most of his fellow Tawwabun. He remained constantly burdened by guilt, striving in the path of God, offering counsel and advice. The list of sources and references includes the Holy Quran and approximately thirty-eight books. These sources include those that translated Sulayman's biography, such as Ibn Sa'd's "Al-Tabaqat" and Ibn al-Athir's "Usd al-Ghabah," which recounted events, such as al-Tabari's history. The research concludes with a summary of the most prominent findings, the most important of which is that the Muslims' struggle under the Prophet's leadership against their enemies was in defense of the Muslims. Most of the Prophet's battles took place in or near Medina. We found no significant role for him in the Prophet's life other than changing his name and transmitting some narrations. His sacrifice and courage at Siffin and his struggle against the Syrians at Ayn al-Wardah, despite his advanced age, ultimately led to his martyrdom.Keywords:Jihad,SulaymanTworowslife,history