Evaluation and analysis of sustainable housing indicators in Kirkuk city

Abstract

Abstract

In light of rapid population growth and increasing urban expansion, the concept of sustainable urban development has become one of the fundamental pillars shaping the future of communities. Housing represents one of the most significant components of urban land use, as proper planning of the residential environment ensures more efficient resource utilization, provides security and stability, and mitigates environmental damage through reliance on renewable and clean energy sources.

Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate and analyze sustainable housing indicators in the city of Kirkuk across five main dimensions: the social, economic, physical/architectural, accessibility, and environmental dimensions.

The research adopted a descriptive–analytical approach of an applied nature, drawing on desk and documentary studies in addition to a field survey. A questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 384 residents of Kirkuk, selected based on Cochran’s formula. Data were analyzed using SPSS software through several tests, including the one-sample t-test, stepwise regression, and one-way ANOVA.

The findings revealed that the level of sustainability in Kirkuk’s housing was unsatisfactory across all five dimensions, with mean values falling below the standard value (3). Among these, the environmental dimension had the strongest impact (β = 0.301), while the economic dimension was the least influential (β = 0.205). The study emphasizes the need for comprehensive urban strategies that balance social, economic, and environmental aspects of housing to enhance urban quality of life and support the trajectory of sustainable development in Kirkuk.