Reference and Its Patterns in Al-Jawahiri’s Poem "Fida'an Li-Mathwak": A Descriptive Analytical Study

Abstract

The study clarifies that reference in the poem Fidā’an Limathwāk serves as the strongest tool the poet employs to achieve textual cohesion, as it links the emotions of sacrifice and religious devotion by following a single referent across multiple verses. The use of second-person pronouns, in particular, highlights the sanctity of the praised figure and brings him vividly into the poetic discourse. Deictic expressions, relative structures, and adverbials also play an essential role in defining time and place and in constructing the poetic scene, giving the poem a coherent semantic movement. The study reveals that the multiplicity and diversity of references enhance the thematic unity and strengthen the internal structure of the poem, making reference a fundamental element in expressing meaning and organizing the emotional and imagistic flow within the text.