Problems of point coding for population maps in Kirkuk Governorate using GIS

Abstract

Point representation in population maps is a method of representing geographic data that is used to show the distribution of population or any other geographic phenomenon on a map using small points. Each point in this representation may represent a certain number of individuals or population units, which helps to show densities and distribution in a visual and easy-to-understand way. The population of Kirkuk Governorate was used as a model in the point representation process in population maps to identify the most important problems that the representation process suffers from. Therefore, the point representation process for the population or other geographical phenomena is considered one of the most difficult maps to design because of the accuracy and clarity it requires in the representation process. The point representation process suffers from many problems, namely the size and significance of the point, which makes it difficult for researchers to choose a fixed significance for the point in the GIS program due to the difference in the quality, size and density of the geographical phenomenon. Also, the process of choosing the color of the point to be more perceptible and clear, and the location of the point, its density and the crowding of points on top of each other are among the most difficult problems, whether in the process of visual perception or in the process of distributing the geographical phenomenon. The point representation process also suffers from a problem, which is choosing the location of the point. Most of the representation and projection of points are in places other than their locations, whether over a river or a street, as well as the density and crowding of points. Most of these problems have been solved and treated, and some have not been treated due to the difference in the type of geographical phenomenon. The nature of the phenomenon and the location of the geographical phenomenon, but suggesting some treatments for the point representation of population maps, as well as using different colors for the representation process and using point transparency in the GIS program, as well as choosing a drawing scale that is compatible with the size of the distribution and population density and using the displacement method for points to reduce the overlap between points through the use of the GIS program, and accuracy must also be taken into account in the process of mapping the points.