Internal Challenges and Their Impact on Social Security in Iraq after 2005: An Analytical Approach

Abstract

After 2005, Iraq's social security system faced a range of intertwined internal challenges. On the political and security front, the ineffectiveness of the political system, widespread corruption, and the lack of a will for reform weakened the effectiveness of social policies. Legislatively, there were deficiencies in the laws regulating social security, which impacted the system's effectiveness. Economically, Iraq relied on a single oil resource, contributing to a budget deficit and weak infrastructure. Unemployment also weakened both the private and public sectors, and social and cultural challenges exacerbated the situation, including a lack of awareness of social security and widespread poverty.

The study concluded that demographic challenges, such as rapid population growth and problems with education and healthcare, significantly impacted the effectiveness of social security, making poverty a persistent challenge.

The study demonstrated a clear direct correlation between internal challenges and the performance of social security. As political and economic crises intensified, the system's ability to provide services and ensure distributive justice declined. Furthermore, the current legislative framework, designed to meet societal needs, resulted in limited coverage and the exclusion of large segments of informal and unemployed workers. On the other hand, cultural and social factors exacerbated the crisis. Weak awareness of the importance of social security contributed to decreased community participation, while the lack of institutional coordination led to the repetition of policies without tangible results.