The political and cultural landmarks of the city of Al-Farma, a historical study from its inception until the year (511 AH/1118 AD)

Abstract

The study of cities receives the attention of many researchers because of the importance of these studies, they explain their landmarks and development, then the phases that they have gone through over the years, as well as explaining their most important components. The study is about one of these cities that emerged since very ancient times, since the days of the Pharaohs. It had its role in all fields of Life and all the eras it passed through.

      My first step towards studying this city was in 2017 AD, when I was assigned during my doctoral research stage by Prof. Dr. Abdul-Sattar Mutlaq Darwish to prepare a mini-study on the history of this city in the subject of Islamic cities. I reviewed a group of sources and completed the study session on and received admiration and appreciation, but The city's historical antiquity and the information I collected about it encouraged me to go deeper into studying the history and conditions of this city and indicate its political status and the stages of its cultural development throughout history. It had its status and religious sanctity among a number of prophets, not only in ancient Egypt but also in the Christian world, and then it was exposed to setbacks like other Egyptian cities during the Persian Achaemenid invasion of Egypt in 525 BC.  and then its development to become one of the important cities in the Byzantine state, and the same was true in the Arab Islamic state after the Arab Islamic conquest of Egypt. It was considered the main key to the conquest because of its advanced geographical location, so it flourished and developed during the eras of the Arab Islamic state until the Crusader invasion came, which destroyed it completely just like the rest of the Islamic cities.

      The study adopted on a group of old and modern historical and geographical books, and I was able to extract the information that interested me in the subject of my study about this city and its political and cultural role. I divided it into an introduction, three sections, and a conclusion. The first section talks about Al-Farma, its name, and its geographical location. The second section of the study dealt with the political conditions of the city of Al-Farma throughout the ages. The third section of the study dealt with the economic and cultural aspects of the city of Al-Farma. The conclusion focused on the most prominent deductions reached through the study of this historical city.