Iraq Between the Jewish And the Samaritan texts of the Pentateuch: A comparative Study in the Archeology of the Holly Bible

Abstract

Iraq is mentioned in a lot of historical sources and archeological records, especially in those written by the children of Israel whether Samaritans or Jews, the most important among these texts are the old testament texts. Some of these texts describe Iraq as represented by its kings who began from its land their military expeditions whose goals were to control large areas of the Levant land at that time. The name Iraq is associated, therefore with many names and only some texts such as the Samaritan Pentateuch, which differs much from the Hebrew Pentateuch, mention the name correctly. The purpose of the research is to provide texts written in old Semite languages that explain the meaning of the word Iraq in the ancient records through holding a comparison between the Samaritan Pentateuch text and the Rabbinic Pentateuch text according to the so-called the research approach in the archeology of the Holy Scriptures that investigates the historical events of the Levant through the Old Testament and the New Testament texts of the Holy Scriptures in addition to the Arabic translations and commentaries through which the children of Israel interpreted their texts and the most important of these is the Babylonian Talmud written by the Jews of Babylon and Jerusalem Talmud in Jerusalem.

The Objective of the study:

Providing a study that demonstrates the correct spelling of the word Iraq in the Samaritan Pentateuch text written in the old Canaanite script that differs from the Jewish Pentateuch written in the Assyrian square Hebrew script along with their Arabic translations and later relevant works. Furthermore, we shall review a combination of comparative verification and linguistic revision and historical accounts about the topic by applying the comparative archeological approach in the study of the holy Scripture historical.