Cereal Crop Production (Wheat, Barley, Rice) and Agricultural Development Challenges in Dhi Qar Governorate (2016–2024)

Abstract

Economic geography examines the relationship between natural and human factors on the one hand and modes of production on the other through descriptive and analytical approaches. Within this context, the present study investigates the production of cereal crops (wheat, barley, and rice) and the challenges facing the agricultural sector that hinder agricultural output in Dhi Qar Governorate and adversely affect agricultural development. The study adopts a scientific methodology represented by the crop approach and the fundamental approach, which together facilitate the analysis of agricultural crops, the geographical factors required for their production, and their economic value. These factors primarily include the availability of suitable climatic conditions, adequate water resources, and fertile soils appropriate for cultivation. The findings reveal a clear disparity between the areas of land suitable for cultivation and the actual levels of cereal crop production. The study also highlights the widespread occurrence of desertification, the scarcity of both surface and groundwater resources, and the contamination of agricultural lands as a result of war remnants. Furthermore, a significant marginalization of vocational agricultural education is evident. Accordingly, the study recommends the integration of Dhi Qar Governorate into comprehensive agricultural development planning, the adoption of modern machinery for irrigation and tillage, and the provision and effective utilization of qualified agricultural technical personnel to support agricultural development.