Imam Ali’s Exegesis of Surah Al-Baqarah: An Analytical Study

Abstract

This study aims to analyze Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib’s interpretation of Surah Al-Baqarah through a detailed analytical approach. It focuses on interpretive narrations attributed to him found in core exegesis sources, especially those from the Shiite tradition, while also referencing selected Sunni sources. The research seeks to clarify Imam Ali’s exegetical method by examining the content of his interpretations and understanding their theological, linguistic, and jurisprudential foundations.

The study focuses on key verses from Surah Al-Baqarah such as “This is the Book about which there is no doubt”, “Who believe in the unseen”, “And [mention] when your Lord said to the angels”, and “Prescribed for you is legal retribution”. These interpretations show that Imam Ali treated the Qur’anic text as a cohesive unit, explaining verses by referencing other Qur'anic passages, prophetic traditions, and historical context.

The findings indicate that Imam Ali adopted a method that combined rational and transmitted interpretation. He often explained verses using their apparent meanings, while also referring to deeper implications when necessary, without contradiction between the two. He emphasized the moral and educational dimensions of the verses, viewing interpretation not merely as linguistic clarification but as a means to understand Islamic beliefs and ethics.

Imam Ali demonstrated mastery in Arabic linguistics, Islamic law, and prophetic biography, allowing him to present interpretations with layered meanings and depth. His approach laid early foundations for Shiite exegesis and offered a model for analytical interpretation in Islamic tradition.