The Exegesis of Surah Al-Kahf: A Comparative Study of the Interpretations of Imam al-Kazim (peace be upon him) and Other Exegetical Works

Abstract

This study presents a comparative analysis of the interpretations of Imam Musa ibn Ja‘far al-Kazim on Surah Al-Kahf. It analyzes narrations attributed to him and compares them with interpretations by other Imams of Ahl al-Bayt and Muslim exegetes from various schools of thought. The research focuses on identifying the methodological features of Imam al-Kazim’s approach and his interpretation of Qur’anic symbols, particularly those related to the stories of the Companions of the Cave, al-Khidr and Moses, and Dhu al-Qarnayn.

The study relies on hadith-based and narrative exegesis sources such as Al-Burhan fi Tafsir al-Qur’an and Tafsir al-Qummi, in addition to doctrinal and hadith texts. It also references Sunni interpretations such as those of al-Tabari and al-Razi for comparative purposes. The analysis examines Imam al-Kazim’s interpretive positions through theological, linguistic, and historical lenses, revealing a difference in focus and intent between Imami exegesis and traditional Sunni tafsir.

The findings show that Imam al-Kazim used ta’wil (esoteric interpretation) to connect the Qur’anic text to theological and political realities. He interpreted certain Qur’anic symbols in ways that relate to concepts of Imamate, guardianship, truth, and falsehood. For example, he viewed Moses’ journey with al-Khidr as a representation of exoteric and esoteric knowledge, and interpreted “al-Raqim” as a reference to the preservation of Imamate within the hearts.

His interpretations emphasized the esoteric dimension without dismissing the apparent meaning and made frequent use of symbolism and implied meanings. The comparative analysis reveals that Imam al-Kazim’s exegesis goes beyond linguistic interpretation, offering a structured entry into understanding the concept of Imamate and the role of Ahl al-Bayt in the Qur’anic narrative.