Challenges and Developments in the Legal Standards for Selecting Public Employees in Egyptian, Iraqi, and Iranian Administrative Law

Abstract

 This study aims to analyze the legal standards governing the selection of public employees in the administrative laws of Egypt, Iraq, and Iran, and to examine the extent to which these standards uphold the principles of merit, equality, equal opportunity, and transparency. The significance of the study lies in the fact that the proper selection of public employees constitutes a cornerstone of efficient public administration, integrity, and anti-corruption efforts. The research problem concerns the adequacy of these legal standards in addressing the requirements of modern public administration. The study adopts a comparative analytical approach by examining relevant legal provisions, appointment procedures, and the role of oversight bodies. The findings indicate that Egypt has modernized its recruitment system through the Civil Service Law, while Iraq continues to face challenges related to outdated legislation, favoritism, and political interference. In Iran, the multiplicity of legal regulations and administrative authorities affects the consistency of employment standards. The study recommends updating legislation, unifying legal concepts, strengthening independent oversight, and linking recruitment and promotion to merit and competence.