The gods of natural phenomena and their impact on the emergence of relious beliefs in the ancient Near East, Iraq and Egypt as a model

Abstract

This study examines the deities associated with natural phenomena and their influence on shaping religious beliefs in the ancient civilizations of Iraq and Egypt. It also examines the impact of the geographical environment on the development of these beliefs among the peoples of these two civilizations. Ancient humans viewed natural phenomena, such as the sun, moon, sky, wind, floods, solar and lunar eclipses, and others, as supernatural forces embodied by divine beings. They sought to embody these phenomena in the form of deities to gain their favor and win their favor. The study also discussed the religious and social functions performed by these deities and their influence on ancient societies. It also examined the similarities and differences between the religious beliefs of Iraq and Egypt, and questioned whether there was religious prayer or mutual influence between the two civilizations.

The study relied on a descriptive and analytical approach to trace the deities of natural phenomena and study their concepts in both civilizations. It also employed a comparative approach to monitor the similarities and differences in the perceptions of deities and their roles between the ancient Iraqi and Egyptian civilizations.