Impact of Environmental Conditions (temperature, humidity, lighting, chemical pollutants) On museum collection materials during display and storage

Abstract

The research is a serious attempt towards museum work for preserving human and cultural heritage, as museum holdings and inventories are a rich cultural heritage for any society, and there are many dangers that threaten museum holdings in all museums and under all circumstances. These dangers threaten the world's museums as a result of changes in climatic, biological, chemical and physical factors and the development of events on the surface of the Earth. This study aims to understand the risks that exist in the display and storage environment that cause gradual and cumulative deterioration and damage to antiquities and museum holdings, and the necessary steps to protect them from damage. In order to provide a safe environment for displaying and storing archaeological holdings and preserving them from damage. It is known that the simplest and least expensive methods for maintaining and treating archaeological collections and preserving them for future generations are to use the prevention method, which is represented by the term "Preventive" conservation, which means a number of procedures that lead to protecting the antiquity and protecting it in the long term from the effects of damaging environmental factors and conditions during its use, transportation, handling, or display and storage. The research deals in its first section with defining  museum term linguistically and technically, as well as the types of museums, the concept of museum collections, and the concept of preventive preservation of museum collections. The second section of the research dealt with the environmental hazards to which museum collections and their types are exposed. As for the third section of the study dealt with preserving and maintaining museum collections and their types, as well as examination tools and techniques and preventive maintenance procedures. The research has been supported with pictures, tables, and identification diagrams that are necessary for such a study. Specialized and diverse sources were used to benefit the study. This study is a modest effort towards museum work in which the cultural and human heritage of museum collections are preserved.