nouranahiali@mu.edu.iq

Abstract

The First Gulf War, or the Iran-Iraq War, refers to the conflict between the Iraqi and Iranian governments that lasted from 1980 to 1988. It is considered one of the longest wars of the 20th century. The war took place in a region of significant importance to major powers, as it includes some of the world's most crucial oil resources. Consequently, the war posed a substantial threat to international interests, especially after its scope expanded to include other countries in the region. This expansion led many nations to undertake individual and collective efforts to intervene in an attempt to end the conflict. Additionally, the war is a significant part of modern Middle Eastern history due to its extensive impact on the region and the world. The war continued until the Iranian government agreed to the United Nations ceasefire resolution on July 18, 1988. The Kingdom worked to put forward initiatives to resolve the conflict in the Organization of the Islamic Conference, the Arab League, and the United Nations. 4. Saudi Arabia attempted to pressure both parties to the conflict by proposing a peace initiative after its officials visited several European countries (Britain, Italy, and France). The Republic of India remained neutral at the beginning of the Iran-Iraq conflict due to its economic interests in both countries, and its neutrality continued until the end of the war in 1988. 6. India put forward several initiatives to resolve the crisis between the two parties through the Non-Aligned Movement. Not content with that, India's officials visited several European and Arab countries to pressure for a peaceful resolution of the crisis and to avoid resorting to war as a means of resolving existing conflicts.