Political divisions in the Umayyad state the revolution of Yazid ibn walid as an example

Abstract

The revolution of Yazid bin Al-Walid is one of the most important direct causes that contributed greatly to the fall of the Umayyad state, due to the division of the Umayyad house within itself between supporters of Yazid bin Al-Walid and opponents of his revolution. The internal conflict in the Umayyad house began with the beginning of this revolution, which brought about, for the first time in the history of the Umayyad state, a caliph who was not purely Arab from both the father’s and mother’s side – the son of a slave woman – so Yazid became the first caliph of the Muslims whose mother was a slave woman. This matter was rejected by many Arab regions, who considered it a dangerous and major development that the Arab state had not witnessed since its inception at the hands of the Noble Messenger (may God bless him and grant him peace) and during the era of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs and the Umayyad Caliphate alike, over a period of a century, which they considered something unusual This contributed to the erosion of the Umayyad state from within, and the reason for this is the lineage of the Caliph Yazid bin Al-Walid, who was not a pure Arab. This is one reason, and the second reason is the way in which he seized the position of the Caliphate and killed his cousin, which many considered a coup against the government. The final blow that brought down the Umayyad state did not come from its enemies abroad, but from within the Umayyad family. This revolution led to the cracking of the military establishment and the division of its men between a supporter of Al-Walid bin Yazid, the legitimate Caliph, and Yazid bin Al-Walid, the rebellious person who became Caliph of the Muslims. Yazid bin Al-Walid carried out various actions in order to give the color The religious revolution and the portrayal of Al-Walid bin Yazid as a corrupt and immoral person, and thus rebelling against him became a religious duty. The revolution of Yazid bin Al-Walid represented a turning point and an opportunity on a golden platter for those who were lying in wait for the Umayyad state and opposed its rule The duration of his caliphate did not last long, except for five months, which is a very short period and not enough to determine whether Yazid bin Al-Walid believed in Qadariyyah or not. Accusing him of being one of the Ghaylan Qadariyyah because one of his companions, Mansur bin Jamhour, was a Qadari, is an unconvincing and insufficient reason to pin him on Qadariyyah. This revolution contributed to the outbreak of the internal front against Yazid bin Al-Walid, especially in Homs, Palestine, Jordan and Khorasan. The residents of these Islamic countries refused to pledge allegiance to him and occupied the Umayyad army with internal conflicts, which negatively affected the Islamic conquests and various fronts .