تبويب الوحدات الصرفية النافية في اللهجة العربية العراقية

الملخص

The current work deals with negative morphemes in the Iraqi Arabic dialect. In this dialect, there are three morphemes that negate words, these are: ma-, mu- and la-. It is an attempt to tabulate negative morphemes because there is no specific study that described this subject to the best knowledge of the researchers. This paper aims at: (1) Studying the attachment rules of these three morphemes. (2) The study aims at analyzing word negation unlike previous studies that studied the sentential negation. (3) Showing with which parts of speech ma-, mu and la- are used. The paper has concluded that: (1) ma- is used with nouns, verbs, adjectives and prepositional phrases. (2) the morpheme ma is not heavily used with adjectives in negation such as: ma:tˤajba = it is not delicious. (3) The morphemes ma and la can be used with verbs whether these verbs are in their perfective and imperfective forms such as: ma:qdru = they couldn’t  and ma:jqdruːn = they cannot. (4) la is used with verbs to indicate negative imperative such as: latlʕab = don’t play which refers to second person and lajlʕab = he shouldn’t play which refers to third person. (5) It is noticeable that ma- is put after the /al/. This is the morphological cluster of the two morphemes. It can also be noted that the sequence of the morphemes in this type of derivation follows a systematic order as in: al ʃaxsˤ alma jsaˈwi = the person who doesn’t do.