((نحو استقلال استراتيجي أوروبي: قراءة في تطالاستقلال الاستراتيجي الأوربي, منظومة الدفاع الأوربية, النظام الدولي, حلف شمال الأطلسي. وير منظومة الدفاع الأوروبيّ ))

الملخص

This research addresses the conceptual and thematic dimensions of European Strategic Autonomy (ESA) in light of geopolitical transformations that preceded the Russo-Ukrainian War of February 2022 by several years. It tracks the repercussions of these shifts on European strategic thought and the evolution of its defense system in response to the exigencies of the war, the American stance, specifically under the administration of President Trump, and the trajectory of the international system toward multipolarity.

The study stems from a primary problematic concerning the European Union's (EU) ability to direct political landscapes toward constructing effective autonomous defense capabilities. Such capabilities would pertain to the Union and its member states, transcending dependence and reliance on United States capabilities within the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), thereby establishing Europe’s status as an active pole in a multipolar international system.

The research employs a descriptive-analytical methodology, supported by case studies of selected nations such as France and Germany. It utilizes comparative tools regarding expenditures and capabilities, analyzes policies and institutions, and references defense-industrial and technological capacities. Furthermore, the study traces the impact of shifts in the United States' position during the Trump era, particularly a potential second term, on the pathways, dynamics, and efficacy of EU cooperation. It highlights the adoption of notable technical and security files that collectively reveal the existence of political wills charting a roadmap for European defense autonomy and its sustainability. This is considered alongside the United Kingdom's position on building European defense capabilities following its exit from the EU, and the prominence of European powers like France and Germany, which underscores the seriousness of the pursuit of European autonomy.